❓WHAT HAPPENED: Canada’s proposed Bill C-9, known as the Combatting Hate Act, seeks to alter hate speech laws, raising concerns about potential criminal charges for quoting scripture.
👤WHO WAS INVOLVED: Canadian Minister of Justice Sean Fraser, Canadian Christians, religious and advocacy groups.
📍WHEN & WHERE: Introduced in September 2025, passed the House of Commons on March 25, 2026, and is now heading to the Senate.
💬KEY QUOTE: “Bill C-9 makes it easier for people of faith and others to be criminally charged because of views that other people take offense to.” – Opposition lawmaker Andrew Lawton
🎯IMPACT: Critics argue the bill weakens freedom of expression and religion by removing the ‘good faith’ defense for religious texts.
A bill in Canada that could criminalize quoting the Bible as hate speech has sparked backlash from religious and conservative groups across the country. “Bill C-9 makes it easier for people of faith and others to be criminally charged because of views that other people take offense to,” warned Andrew Lawton, a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Conservative opposition.
Bill C-9, known as the Combatting Hate Act, was introduced by Minister for Justice and Attorney General Sean Fraser, and has already passed through the House of Commons, roughly equivalent to the U.S. House of Representatives. It will be debated in the Canadian Senate later this year.
The bill removes two sections of Canada’s criminal code: 319(3)(b) and 319(3.1)(b). Both specifically state that someone cannot be found guilty of hate speech if they “expressed or attempted to establish by an argument an opinion on a religious subject or an opinion based on a belief in a religious text”.
Marc Miller, an MP from the ruling Liberal Party who supports the bill, has cited passages from Leviticus, Deuteronomy, and Romans condemning homosexual acts as examples of religious text that could be classed as hate speech. “How do we somehow constitute this as being said in good faith? Clearly, there are situations in these texts where statements are hateful. They should not… be a defense,” he said during a House Justice Committee hearing.
The proposed changes have drawn criticism from Christians in Canada. “This narrowly framed exemption has served for many years as an essential safeguard to ensure that Canadians are not criminally prosecuted for their sincere, truth-seeking expression of beliefs made without animus and grounded in long-standing religious traditions,” the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops wrote to Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney in a letter last year.
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