Newly released national survey data indicates that daily and near-daily marijuana use has surpassed similar levels of drinking in the United States. While alcohol remains more widely consumed overall, 2022 marked the first year when intensive marijuana use overtook high-frequency drinking, according to Jonathan Caulkins, a cannabis policy researcher at Carnegie Mellon University.
“A good 40% of current cannabis users are using it daily or near daily, a pattern that is more associated with tobacco use than typical alcohol use,” Caulkins, who authored a research study based on the data, said. The survey data estimates that in 2022, approximately 17.7 million people in the U.S. were using marijuana daily or nearly every day. In contrast, about 14.7 million people reported daily or near-daily drinking. The per capita rate of daily or near-daily marijuana use has increased 15-fold from 1992 to 2022.
Caulkins’s study is based on data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health compiled over the past four years and was published Wednesday in the journal Addiction. The survey data is widely considered a reliable estimate of tobacco, alcohol, and drug use in the United States.
LEGAL STATUS DRIVES USE.
The increase in marijuana use appears to be following the drug’s shifting legal status. Most states now permit medical or recreational marijuana, although it remains illegal at the federal level. In November, Florida voters will decide on a constitutional amendment allowing recreational cannabis, and the federal government is moving to reclassify marijuana as a less dangerous drug.
Earlier this week, Joe Biden urged his Department of Justice (DOJ) to begin the process of reclassifying marijuana as a less dangerous substance. The DOJ has published a draft regulation in the Federal Register that would place marijuana in Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act. This category includes drugs with “a potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances” in Schedule I or II, which include highly addictive substances like fentanyl and oxycodone. Marijuana has been classified under Schedule I since the 1970s, following the federal government’s establishment of modern drug regulations.
ADDICTION CONCERNS.
Dr. David A. Gorelick, a psychiatry professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, emphasized the risks associated with high-frequency use. “High-frequency use increases the risk of developing cannabis-associated psychosis, a severe condition where a person loses touch with reality,” said Gorelick.
The number of daily users suggests that more people are at risk for developing problematic cannabis use or addiction, he added.