If King Charles III – currently being treated for cancer – is incapacitated, his son Prince William could become the nation’s first Prince Regent in over two centuries.
A “regency” – per the latest Regency Act of 1937 – would see Prince William, the current Prince of Wales, taking on his father’s constitutional functions.
Britain has not required a regent, who rules in the monarch’s stead if they are incapacitated or accedes to the throne while still a minor, in over two centuries. The last was the future King George IV, who took on the responsibilities of George III — remembered in the United States for the lines denouncing him in the Declaration of Independence — after an illness drove him mad.
While the King could abdicate the throne altogether, as his uncle Edward VIII did, such a drastic step is improbable. Charles III has now been formally crowned, unlike his uncle, who gave up the throne to pursue a relationship with an American divorcée before his coronation.
The Coronation was a Christian, sacerdotal ceremony in which the King swore several binding oaths pledging lifelong service, similar to entering holy orders. There is an expectation that, like his mother, Charles III should not rescind these oaths before his death, so a regency would be the most appropriate solution if he were impaired long-term.
It is not currently believed this will be necessary, however, with the King’s cancer having been caught early, according to Prime Minister Rishi Sunak.
For now, Prince William, Queen Camilla, and a few other designated Counsellors of State can perform some of the King’s public functions while he undergoes treatment.